Easy2Siksha.com
  -2024
  

(   )
:    :75
:    ,             
           
-
1.       
2.    ?           
-
3.          
4.        
-
5.      
6.         
Easy2Siksha.com
-
7.             
8.          
  -2024
  

(   )
:    :75
:    ,             
           
-
1.       
:    
󷊆󷊇  
     -       -  , 
                 
          ( )      
        
      
Easy2Siksha.com
        ,   (   )
     -     ; ,       
        ,         
  ,  ,  ,           
         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?
  ,           ,     
        -      ,    
    
 ""   ""       " "  "" 
  ""
  ,      
  -        ! ,     
  ,       
🏗   (  )
     ,        :
1.   (  ):
              
 ()    
o                
o     -           
o     ( )       
2.   ():
             -  20  40   
o     ,  
o        ,        
   
3.   (  ):
   ( /  )        
o          -        
o              
󹺖󹺗󹺕 ,      :
Easy2Siksha.com
    .
 -  ()
    .
󽁗  
        -     :
1. 
 :
o ,      ,          
   
o    ,   
o          
2.  :
o    
o          ( ) 
  
o      ,   ,     

,          ,    
  
󷘜󷘝󷘞󷘟󷘠󷘡󷘢󷘣󷘤󷘥󷘦   (      )
,   --           
 1:   
    (     )      
 
   ( )   ,        
   
 2:  
            
      ,         
 3:   
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           
              
     (           )
 
 4:    
             
                 
 5:   
       
         
       :
o       (         
)
o     (     )
 6:   
    
  :
o     ,
o       (), 
o .
             
󷇮󷇭     
   -            :
1.   :
o          ,   ,     
 ,    
o "      "     -    
        
2.  :
o     ?      
o            
   
3.   :
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o    ?     
o       ?     
o      
4.   :
o   (  )       
o ,   (  )     , 
       
5.   :
o ,  ,   -          
  
o      ,      
 
󽆪󽆫󽆬    (    )
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼       
           ()  
   ,     -     ,   
    -  -           
  ,     
  ,  , , ,        ,
              
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,           ,    
     ,        
  ,              
2.    ?           
:󽁗  :    
               ,   
                  
,    :             
      ,            
           , -,  
         
    ,     ,     ,  
          
           ,     
            "" 
""  
󼩏󼩐󼩑   ?
 ,             ,   

   ,            
  
   ,         -   

        -  ,    
  :󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔               



                
  ,           ,     
,                   
     ,           
Easy2Siksha.com
󷊆󷊇  -     
     ,          
(  )  
   ,       (  ,  )  
,      (  )  
   -       ,    -70  
(mV)  
          - ,     

                , 
     ,  
󽁗      
          (, ,     
),                :
1.  -    
    (Na⁺)    
       ,      
  -70 mV   +40 mV   



         -  ( )     ,  
  
2.  -   
     ,    (K⁺)    
       ,       

           ( ),    
   ,      ( ),  -  
3.  - 
-       ,       
  
           ,      

4.    
Easy2Siksha.com
 -   (    )     :
  ,   
      
󷇙󷇚󷇜󷇝󷇞󷇟󷇛    -   
      ,             
    
    -    ,        
  ,     (   )     
             ,   
  



:                
             
󷄧󹹯󹹰      
      -   ( )    ()

 
 

     
   (–70 mV).
  -   , 
 (+40 mV)
 
     ,
   ( -
    )
        
( ),     
    ( )
 

  .
     

    
  (  ).

    
 .
     

       
 
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
          ,      
   :
:        
, ,            
             
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             
 
 ,    -    ,    ,    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘:   
   ,           ,  , 
,    ,    , ,   
          ,     ,
    ,  -           
,               ,  : 
      ,          
 ,       
-
3.          
:   :   
                 ,
    ,       ,        
          ,     
   ,              
   ,        
1.    
          ,       ,
             ,   40-45  
 1-1.5             !
            ,       
      ,          ,
    :
1.  -  ,   ,     
Easy2Siksha.com
2.   -        
3.  -         
   ,         ,   ()  
  - ,          ,   
   
2.     
          :
a)   ( )
     ,       "H"   
     ,        
      :
o  ()       ( ,   )
o  () :          
o  (       ):      
   
b)   (  )
   
    ,           
      
   ( )  :
o  () :     
o  :       
o  () :        
 
c)  
              ,     
                
 
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3.     
   31      ,           
   ,             
       :
 (8 )- ,     
 (12 )-       
 (5 )-        
 (5 )-  ,       
 (1 )-       
4.       
       :
1.  -              
  ,             
2.  -            
:                
        ,       ,  
          ,    
        ,       
 
5.     
       ,    :
1.   
o      ,    :
      (, , , )
       
o           
2. 
o            
            
            
3.  
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o             
o :
   :      
 :       
 :      
6.        
      ;  ,  L1-L2   
   ,         
      
   ()    ( )    
                ,   
     
7.     
            :
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 ,            
8.    
            :
:   ,       ( )   
      
 :       ,       
,           
:     ,        
,            
                
    

 ,             ,   
              
              
  ,            
4.        
:󼩏󼩐󼩑    :    
              ,  
       ,  ,  ,     
      
         -     ,     
   -            , 
      ,  ,       
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,          :       
 ""        ,   ""   
      
󷩡󷩟󷩠   -   
       ,       ,     ,
             ,      "
"  "    "  
󹵝󹵟󹵞  
     ,      
                  
󷘧󷘨 -    
        ,      :
1.     
o      ,          
o :             
2.   
o          -  ,   

o :            ?
3.  
o            
o :        
4.  
o    (   )         
o :  ,         ,   
  
5. -  
o    ,         
 
󼩺󼩻   -   
                ,  
                 
     ,      ,     
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󽁔󽁕󽁖   
     (    )
    (   )
      -  

 
1800      ,        
                 
   ,   ,       
     
󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃  -  
,     ,            : 
              
 
󹵝󹵟󹵞  
   
      ,   
    (V1)   ,      
󷘧󷘨  -   
          ( )    
    
1.  
o          
o  ,      
2.   
o  ,          
o :     
3.  
o  ,         
o :        
4. 
o   ,          
󼩺󼩻   -  
Easy2Siksha.com
                , 
              
                
󽁔󽁕󽁖   
       
       
  (      ) 

:         ,   
     -       
󷄧󹹯󹹰    -   

  ()
  ()

  ,   
   


 ,   ,  ,

   
 
  ,   
  

   -   
    
   -   
     
 
  ,    ,
   
,  , 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼       
               ,  
    ,       ,        
         ,     , 
     ,       
     
 ,             -      
         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘:   
      ,         
 ,  ,         
 ,       
   ,   ,         
   ,      ,      
Easy2Siksha.com
,               
       ,          
     
-
5.       
:            ,   
       ,      ,      ,
          -        
     ,             
        ,       
         
1.    
               ,
, , ,            ,   
        ,        
   ,    ,    
       ,           
,  ,  ,              
             
 :
1. - , ,        
2.   -     ,   
,         
2. :   
                :
.   (  )
                    
          
  -       
   -      
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  -        
 -      
.  ()
,                  
-    ,           
.  ()
                 ,
  ,              ,   
         
.  (  )
 ,              ,  
                 
              
.  (  )
     ,              
                

3. :      
          ,      
          
.  -  
   ,             
   ,       
               
   (  )        
    ,     ()     , 
       
               
 
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.  ( ) 
  ,       ,       
  
               
               
c.  
,                 ,
              
4.  :
  
      ,        
    (        )      
     
          ,        
                 
,               
      
            
      
        ,       
,       ,            
5.    
         ,    
1. -                , 
    
2.     - ,         
    
3.   -            

4. -           
 
5.    ,     
 
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6.    
     ,            
 :
  -   ,    

  
    -      
   -         
         ,       
7.    
                 :
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8.  
          ,       ()
                    
           ()    
  ()           ,
     ,             
          ,     , 
,       
6.         
:󷶬󷶭󷶮󷶲󷶳    :      
                     
     ,            
       ,    ,       

  ?       ()    ()—
            (     
 )    ,  ,        
             ,     
      
󷊨󷊩  -  

󹵝󹵟󹵞  
                ,  
      
         ,    
    
   ""             
           
      ,         ,
   
  (  I):       
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󷘧󷘨     -    
1.    
o     ,           
o         
2.  
o           
o        
3.  
o           
o              
4.   
o            -  ,
,
o     (      )  
    ,      



  ,       ( )    
             
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
   : ,         
           
     ,    ,     

     : ,        

󽁔󽁕󽁖   
  :   
:     
:    .
   ,        
󷌧󷌨  -  

󹵝󹵟󹵞  
  ,      
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  ,              
50-100     
   -              :
o (    )
o    ()
o ( )
o filiform(,  )
       (VII),      (IX)  
 (X)    
 :          ,   
   
󷘧󷘨     -    
1. 
o             
o           
2.  
o                
3.  
o        ,     
  
4. 
o          
󷇍󷇎󷇏󷇐󷇑󷇒  
1.      ( )
2. -  (  ).
3.   (  )
4. -    ( )
5. -      (       )



             ,
  ,    , -       
       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
:  -   -       
:     (   )     
:      ,    
    -     
Easy2Siksha.com
󽁔󽁕󽁖   
    
:      .
dysgeusia:    .
   ,       
󹺰󹺱     
     -  ,        
  ""            
:           ,    
  ,     
          ,      
    



 -           ()   
 ()          
󼩺󼩻  -    

  ()

 (  , )

      

  VII, IX, X →  
 

 (   )
 
   (, , , ,
)


         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘:     
     ,         
           ,        ,
, , ,        
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 ,            ,  
             ,       
      
,                 , 
:                    ,
        
-
7.             
:               
                
   ,              ,
  ,                 ,
         :      
              ,      
                  : 
 ,         
1.     
               ,
                    ,
   :
    ()      
-         ,    
      1   ,     
 
  ,       ()     :
Easy2Siksha.com
        ;        
     ,  ,       
2.     
     ,           :
1.               () 
          
2.           ,    
                

3. ,     ,       - ,
   -            
4.         ;      
,           
5.             "" 
""               , 
          
3.     
       ;        
          :
 : , ,   ,   
                
 
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   ,         
 
         :
1.      
2.         (z-      )
3.          
4.   (68-95-99.7 )
               :
 68%    1     
 95%    2     
 99.7%    3     
       :
  = 160 
  = 10 
68%   150   170    
95%140   180   
99.7%130   190   
        (      )  
5.   
-              , -
          ,      
  
Easy2Siksha.com
 X   z-               
6.     
         :
  :
  (μ)  ,      
        
  (σ) x-      ,      
7.    
1.          ,    
       
2.      IQ  (~100)   ,     
 IQ  
3.           ,    
     ,      
8.    
           :  
   ,         -   , ,
Easy2Siksha.com
 =  = ,      -     
 
 ,       ,     
 ,  ,       ,      
                 
   
  :            "  ,  
 "
8.          
:󹵈󹵉󹵊   :       
            -     
      ,   ,        
      ,     , ,     
  -            
           ,       
 ,  ,           
    ?         ,   
,   ,   ,            
               
  ,       ,        
        ,        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    ?
         ,  
     :
 (μ)  .
  (σ)-     
  :
Easy2Siksha.com
      ,         
      ,      
󷨰󷨱󷨲󷨳󷨴󷨵    
1.      
  (μ)     
        
        ,         



              
,         
2.  =  = 
  ,          
       ,       

                 ,  

3.   
        ,      
            



             ,  
           
4.  = 1 ( 100%)
      
      1 ,        

      ,        1  ,
     
5.   (68–95–99.7 )
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     :
 68%    1     
 95% 2    
 99.7% 3    



    1000          165
     10  :
 680  155  175     
 950  145  185     
  (997 ) 135  195   
          
6. 
        
          

           ,  
7.   (μ  σ)  
             
         
       ()    () 



     ,    -     (  σ),
      ,  -     ( σ),    
 
8.  
       ,  
          ,      
 
9.  
 μ ± σ     (  ) 
    

               
  ,     ,           
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10.   
 μ = 0  σ = 1,      
         z-       


       80     70   , z-  
                   
󷇮󷇭    
        -      :
1.          
2. : IQ       100  σ = 15     
3. : ,        
4.          
5.              
󼩺󼩻  -      (  )

  
   

   , 
      ,    
 =  = 
   

σ  
 σ =  

= 1
    

asymptotic
     

689599.7
      
 

   
 
μ ± σ
   

μ  σ
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘:    
              ,
             , 
                
     
     ,    ,  -,     
          , , 68–95–99.7 ,
Easy2Siksha.com
                 
 
,          "     ,"  
                  
            
"              
     ,     "